Where Can You Ride a Robotaxi?

Waymo Announced

A safety operator rides along

Element Fleet Management will run the fleet; manual driving was set to start in Oct 2026 and first riders are targeted for 2028.

Sources: Waymo, October 16, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Baidu Apollo Go Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Apollo Go app (Luobo Kuaipao), Apollo Go WeChat mini-program, Baidu Maps · Since October 2020

Opened to the public in Yizhuang (the economic development zone), Haidian and Shunyi; driverless rides in designated Yizhuang areas

Opened to ordinary riders in October 2020 with safety drivers; Baidu said in November 2025 that every mainland city it serves is now 100% driverless.

Sources: Baidu (SEC Form 6-K), August 18, 2026; Baidu (SEC Form 6-K), November 18, 2025; Just Auto, July 11, 2023; Gasgoo, October 11, 2020. Checked November 8, 2026.

Pony.ai Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: PonyPilot app, PonyPilot WeChat mini-program

Yizhuang economic development zone (60 sq km unmanned permit in 2023), with expressway trips to Daxing airport · Airport: Daxing (PKX) pickups from Yizhuang since 2024, about 40 km by expressway · Uses freeways

Free public rides in Yizhuang came before the paid permit of November 2021; a no-staff permit for Yizhuang followed in March 2023, and the airport run started with a supervisor in the driver's seat.

Sources: Pony AI (SEC Form 6-K), August 18, 2026; Pony AI (SEC), March 26, 2026; Pony.ai, March 13, 2026; Beijing Municipal Government (citing Beijing Daily), July 2, 2024; Pony.ai (Business Wire via Samoa Observer), November 29, 2021. Checked November 8, 2026.

WeRide Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: WeRide Go app, WeRide Go WeChat mini-program · Since November 2023

Core of the Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area (Yizhuang), including its high-speed rail stations · Airport: Daxing (PKX): paid rides on the airport expressway approved in Feb 2025; WeRide does not say these run with nobody aboard · Uses freeways

Paid fully driverless rides approved in Yizhuang in November 2023; Beijing and Guangzhou are WeRide's two core China hubs.

Sources: WeRide, August 12, 2026; WeRide, February 24, 2025; WeRide (PR Newswire), November 23, 2023. Checked November 8, 2026.

Didi Invited riders

No one in the driver’s seat

Selected demonstration zones

Didi says 24/7 driverless passenger tests began in parts of Beijing's demonstration zones in Q4 2025; its new R2, built with GAC Aion, joined in late August 2026. Who can ride and the fares are not stated.

Sources: China EV Home, September 1, 2026; ITHome via Sina, August 31, 2026; ITHome, April 11, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Hello Testing

A safety operator rides along

One of two cities where Hello holds a robotaxi test permit as of September 2026.

Sources: The Paper (Thepaper.cn), September 16, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Baidu Apollo Go Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Apollo Go app (Luobo Kuaipao), Apollo Go WeChat mini-program, Baidu Maps · Since July 2022

Began with about 10 sq km in the Chengdu Hi-tech Zone; current area unknown

Launched in 2022 with eight cars and daytime hours; Baidu listed Chengdu among its fully driverless cities in November 2025.

Sources: Baidu (SEC Form 6-K), November 18, 2025; Gasgoo, July 22, 2022. Checked November 8, 2026.

Baidu Apollo Go Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Apollo Go app (Luobo Kuaipao), Apollo Go WeChat mini-program

Driverless rides were already running in parts of Chongqing by January 2023.

Sources: Baidu (SEC Form 6-K), November 18, 2025; TechNode, January 20, 2023. Checked November 8, 2026.

Baidu Apollo Go Testing

A safety operator rides along

Baidu filed a road-test and demonstration project here from late November 2025, planning 1,000 cars and a local base; no public rides reported.

Sources: Lanjinger, January 15, 2026; Gelonghui, January 15, 2026; CnEVPost, January 15, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Baidu Apollo Go Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Apollo Go app (Luobo Kuaipao)

Sources: Apple App Store (China), November 8, 2026; Gelonghui, January 15, 2026; Baidu (SEC Form 6-K), November 18, 2025; China Daily, August 21, 2025; Guangdong Today (newsgd.com), July 12, 2024. Checked November 8, 2026.

Didi Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Didi app · Since March 2023

Huangpu district core for the driverless trial (about Guangbao Rd to Yuyan Rd, north to Phoenix Lake Park); stops at metro stations, schools, malls, offices and housing

Any Didi app user ordering in the zone may be matched with a driverless car, mixed in with ordinary ride-hail cars; the 24/7 driverless trial began in December 2025. Didi first carried paying public riders in Huadu district in March 2023. The new R2 began driverless passenger tests in late August 2026.

Sources: China EV Home, September 1, 2026; ITHome via Sina, August 31, 2026; 21st Century Business Herald, March 18, 2026; ifeng Tech, December 2, 2025; ITHome, March 28, 2023. Checked November 8, 2026.

Pony.ai Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: PonyPilot app, PonyPilot WeChat mini-program, WeChat mobility service, Amap, Alipay mini-program

Nansha (803 sq km driverless permit in 2023) plus central Haizhu, Tianhe, Huangpu and Panyu; over 300 sq km added in 2026

First city where Pony.ai removed in-car safety staff (April 2023); its 2026 expansion reaches Canton Tower and the Canton Fair complex.

Sources: Pony AI (SEC Form 6-K), August 18, 2026; MarketBeat via Yahoo Finance, May 26, 2026; Pony AI (SEC Form 6-K), May 26, 2026; CnEVPost, April 26, 2023. Checked November 8, 2026.

WeRide Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: WeRide Go app, WeRide Go WeChat mini-program, WeChat mobility service (Tencent) · Since November 2019

Huangpu, Tianhe and Haizhu districts, about three times the end-2025 area; runs 24/7 · Airport: Baiyun International (CAN) and Guangzhou South station linked since May 2025

Began as China's first public commercial robotaxi in Huangpu in 2019 and went fully driverless around the clock there in September 2025.

Sources: WeRide, August 12, 2026; Gasgoo, March 13, 2026; WeRide (via Market Chameleon), March 12, 2026; WeRide (GlobeNewswire via Finviz), January 14, 2026; Gasgoo, September 4, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Xpeng Invited riders

A safety operator rides along · Since July 2026

Citywide approval for trial operations (Oct 2026), opening first by invitation code

Over 2,000 internal test rides by August 2026; Xpeng aims for rides without safety drivers in 2027.

Sources: CnEVPost, October 26, 2026; CnEVPost, October 8, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Hello Testing

A safety operator rides along

Holds a test permit; Hello's new HR1 robotaxi (in production since July 2026) was expected to go first to Guangzhou and Shenzhen in late 2026.

Sources: National Business Daily (mrjjxw.com), September 17, 2026; The Paper (Thepaper.cn), September 16, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Baidu Apollo Go Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Apollo Go app (Luobo Kuaipao)

Links tourist sites such as Holiday Beach, Qilou Old Street, the duty-free complex and East Railway Station

Promoted as a tourism ride service during the 2025 Hainan Island Carnival.

Sources: Baidu (SEC Form 6-K), November 18, 2025; China Daily, August 21, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

CaoCao Invited riders

Some rides with no one in the driver’s seat

Binjiang and central Xiaoshan in Hangzhou (3,600+ virtual pickup points by March 2026); the empty-driver's-seat test runs in Binjiang from set stops

About 100 robotaxis in Binjiang by February 2026; small-scale tests with an empty driver's seat began in July 2026, the rest still with safety drivers.

Sources: ITHome, July 27, 2026; CaoCao Inc. (GlobeNewswire via Taiwan News), July 27, 2026; PEdaily, March 17, 2026; CaoCao Inc., February 11, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Baidu Apollo Go Testing

Some rides with no one in the driver’s seat

Airport Island and North Lantau (Tung Chung, Sunny Bay); earlier trials reached Kowloon East including Kwun Tong · Airport: Airport Island (HKG): fully driverless testing since July 2026, no public rides

Hong Kong's first fully driverless testing permits went to Baidu in mid-2026; elsewhere a backup operator still rides on board, and only designated passengers have been carried.

Sources: Hong Kong Government (Transport Department), October 10, 2026; Hong Kong Government (Transport Department), July 23, 2026; The Standard, July 23, 2026; Baidu (SEC Form 6-K), November 18, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Baidu Apollo Go Testing

A safety operator rides along

Baidu filed a road-test and demonstration project here from late November 2025, planning at least 90 cars; no report yet of cars on the road or riders.

Sources: Lanjinger, January 15, 2026; Gelonghui, January 15, 2026; CnEVPost, January 15, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Baidu Apollo Go Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Apollo Go app (Luobo Kuaipao)

Sources: Baidu (SEC Form 6-K), November 18, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Baidu Apollo Go Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Apollo Go app / mini-program, Dazhong Transportation app · Since April 2023

About 25 sq km around Jinqiao in Pudong at launch (Aug 2025), weekdays 9am-6pm, fixed stops

Run with taxi firm Dazhong Transportation; supervised test rides in Jiading from April 2023, then a Pudong driverless licence in July 2025.

Sources: Baidu (SEC Form 6-K), November 18, 2025; China Daily, September 10, 2025; KrASIA, July 28, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Pony.ai Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: PonyPilot app, PonyPilot WeChat mini-program · Since August 2025

Jinqiao and Huamu in Pudong at launch; weekdays 7:30am-9:30pm

Run with Jin Jiang Transport; stops include the Pudong government offices, Century Park and LaLaport.

Sources: Pony AI (SEC Form 6-K), August 18, 2026; Gasgoo, August 4, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

SAIC Open to the public

Some rides with no one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Lin-gang Travel WeChat mini-program, Xiangdao Chuxing app · Since December 2021

Lin-gang: 58 fixed stops, 8am-8pm; plus a Shanghai Disney Resort to Pudong airport route · Airport: Pudong (PVG) from Shanghai Disney Resort; free pilot with a safety operator in the driver's seat (Aug 2025) · Uses freeways

Public test rides with safety drivers began in Jiading in December 2021 through the SAIC Mobility (Xiangdao) app. Lin-gang rides with Qiangsheng Taxi are paid (from 16 yuan) and billed as driverless; the Disney-airport route is free and keeps a safety operator because it uses highways. Momenta supplies the self-driving system for the Pudong fleet.

Sources: China EV Home, July 20, 2026; China Daily, September 10, 2025; China Daily, August 21, 2025; Lin-gang Special Area Administration, August 15, 2025; Reuters via Yahoo Finance, December 7, 2021. Checked November 8, 2026.

Baidu Apollo Go Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Apollo Go app (Luobo Kuaipao), Apollo Go WeChat mini-program · Since January 2023

Started in core parts of Pingshan district; current extent not published

Baidu said in August 2026 that Shenzhen rides were growing fast and it is now one of its largest markets.

Sources: The Motley Fool via Webull, August 19, 2026; Baidu (SEC Form 6-K), November 18, 2025; TechNode, January 20, 2023. Checked November 8, 2026.

Pony.ai Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: PonyPilot app, PonyPilot WeChat mini-program, WeChat mobility service

Citywide permit (Oct 2025), starting in Nanshan, Qianhai and Bao'an; 24/7 in the Nanshan high-tech area · Airport: Bao'an (SZX) added in 2026, plus Shenzhen Bay Port and Shekou Cruise Port

Run with Xihu Group, Shenzhen's largest taxi operator.

Sources: Pony AI (SEC Form 6-K), August 18, 2026; Pony AI (SEC), March 26, 2026; Reuters (via Yahoo News), October 31, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Baidu Apollo Go Open to the public

Some rides with no one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Apollo Go app (Luobo Kuaipao), Apollo Go WeChat mini-program, Baidu Maps · Since May 2022

App advertised about 3,000 sq km in 2025, but riders found the usable zones much smaller

About 400 cars ran in 2025, with no one at the wheel. Many cars stalled at once on 31 March 2026 and service was pulled; cars were seen back from July 2026, some with safety drivers, and Baidu said in August that service in the affected cities had begun to resume.

Sources: The Motley Fool via Webull, August 19, 2026; CnEVPost, July 23, 2026; CnEVPost, April 29, 2026; The Korea Times, May 21, 2025; Gasgoo, May 10, 2022. Checked November 8, 2026.

Hello Ended

A safety operator rides along · Book in: Hello app · Ran until December 2025

Suspended with no restart date after a Hello robotaxi struck two pedestrians on 6 December 2025.

Sources: The Paper (Thepaper.cn), September 16, 2026; CnEVPost, December 16, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Verne Open to the public

Some rides with no one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Verne app, Uber · Since April 2026

City centre, the airport area and selected nearby districts, 07:00 to 21:00 · Airport: The area around Franjo Tuđman Airport (ZAG) is served; the driverless test route runs to the airport

Europe's first paid robotaxi service, using Pony.ai's Gen-7 system; about 30 cars at a promo fare of EUR 1.99, paid rides carry an operator, and invited riders have taken rides with nobody on board since September 2026.

Sources: The Star (AFP), October 14, 2026; Pony.ai, September 10, 2026; Pony.ai, August 20, 2026; Tech.eu, April 8, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

MOIA (Volkswagen) Invited riders

A safety operator rides along · Book in: MOIA app · Since July 2026

Parts of Winterhude, Barmbek and Wandsbek (about 4 sq mi, to grow)

Free on-demand ride-pooling for pre-registered residents in up to ten VW ID. Buzz AD vans with Mobileye's system and a safety operator, under the federally funded ALIKE project; driverless approval is targeted for 2027.

Sources: Electric Cars Report, July 17, 2026; The Next Web, July 16, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Momenta Announced

A safety operator rides along · Book in: Uber

Not yet defined

Uber and Momenta named Munich for Level 4 testing in 2026; Momenta got a nationwide KBA test licence for urban Level 4 driving in July 2026, but no passenger start date is set.

Sources: electrive, July 30, 2026; Momenta, September 8, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Announced

A safety operator rides along

Manual driving from late Aug 2026, then testing with specialists at the wheel, with commercial rides aimed for about the end of 2027.

Sources: Waymo, August 25, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Announced

A safety operator rides along · Book in: GO app, Waymo app

With Nihon Kotsu and GO, Waymo plans first public driverless rides in 2027, growing to about 100 cars, pending approvals; supervised autonomous driving is under way.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; Waymo, September 14, 2026; Waymo, April 14, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Wayve Announced

A safety operator rides along · Book in: Uber

Not announced

Uber, Wayve and Nissan plan a late-2026 pilot of Nissan LEAFs with the Wayve AI Driver; taxi firm Hinomaru Kotsu runs the fleet and supplies safety operators.

Sources: Uber, August 13, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Nissan Invited riders

A safety operator rides along · Since November 2025

Minato Mirai, Kannai and nearby central Yokohama; 28 stops in the 2026 pilot

Pilot rides for registered public monitors with a safety driver: five Serena vans from November 2025 to January 2026, then ten vans and about 500 monitors from 1 October to 18 December 2026. Nissan aims for a driverless Level 4 commercial service from fiscal 2027.

Sources: MONOist, September 15, 2026; Nissan, October 3, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Pony.ai Testing

A safety operator rides along · Book in: Bolt (planned)

Started in Lenningen; the Bolt pilot runs in live traffic in Luxembourg, exact zone not given

Road tests with Emile Weber began in July 2025 under a Level 4 test permit; a Bolt, Stellantis and Pony.ai pilot started in Q2 2026 aiming for driverless readiness by its end.

Sources: Pony.ai, August 18, 2026; The Star (Reuters), June 9, 2026; Gasgoo, July 4, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Pony.ai Open to the public

A safety operator rides along · Book in: Karwa app · Since December 2025

West Bay, central and Old Doha (Corniche, museums, Old Doha Port) and the airport area · Airport: Hamad International (DOH) area is in the service zone

Run by state operator Mowasalat (Karwa) at normal taxi fares with a safety officer aboard; Pony.ai showed rides with nobody on board at a September 2026 forum.

Sources: Pony.ai, September 9, 2026; The Peninsula, January 26, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Yandex Open to the public

A safety operator rides along · Book in: Yandex Go · Since August 2018

The small tech town of Innopolis near Kazan

Running since 2018 for residents and visitors; by 2023 it had logged about 77,000 trips.

Sources: www1.ru, August 11, 2026; Auto.ru Журнал, October 25, 2023; Yandex, August 28, 2018. Checked November 8, 2026.

Yandex Invited riders

A safety operator rides along · Book in: Yandex Go · Since June 2023

An office-to-office route between Krasnaya Roza and Moscow-City for staff; testing in south-west and south-east districts

A 2023 Yasenevo trial for pre-approved riders moved to Sirius; Moscow rides are now for Yandex employees only with a test driver, and Yandex plans a commercial service with about 100 bookable cars by the end of 2026.

Sources: www1.ru, August 11, 2026; ComNews, July 10, 2026; www1.ru, June 18, 2026; Auto.ru Журнал, October 25, 2023. Checked November 8, 2026.

Yandex Waitlist

A safety operator rides along · Book in: Yandex Go · Since October 2023

The Sirius federal territory, including the university, Sochi Park and the Olympic Park hotels

Adults apply on Yandex's project site and, once approved, hail cars in Yandex Go; a test driver is always aboard.

Sources: ComNews, July 10, 2026; Auto.ru Журнал, October 25, 2023; Rozetked, October 17, 2023. Checked November 8, 2026.

WeRide Open to the public

A safety operator rides along · Book in: Uber · Since October 2025

A corridor between Roshn Front and Princess Noura University

Saudi Arabia's first robotaxi permit; Uber riders on the route can be matched with a WeRide car that carries a vehicle operator.

Sources: WeRide, August 12, 2026; CleanTechnica, February 12, 2026; Uber, October 24, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Pony.ai Open to the public

A safety operator rides along · Book in: Zig app (ComfortDelGro) · Since April 2026

A 12 km Punggol route linking Oasis Terraces, Punggol Plaza, One Punggol, Punggol Coast Mall and nearby MRT stations

ComfortDelGro runs it with Pony.ai's tech; invited Punggol residents rode from 7 April 2026 and it opened to the public in the Zig app in Q2 2026.

Sources: Pony.ai, August 18, 2026; Land Transport Guru, July 30, 2026; Gasgoo, June 23, 2026; Gasgoo, April 8, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

WeRide Open to the public

A safety operator rides along · Book in: Grab app, rideair.ai · Since January 2026

Punggol only: two fixed loop routes plus a 20-minute mini loop, 09:30 to 17:30, Monday to Saturday (Saturdays added mid-2026)

Grab's Ai.R service uses WeRide GXR robotaxis and a Robobus with a Grab safety operator aboard; invited trial rides began in January 2026 and it opened to the public on 1 April 2026, free until commercial fares start.

Sources: WeRide, October 27, 2026; Land Transport Guru, July 30, 2026; Grab, April 1, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Announced

A safety operator rides along · Book in: Waymo app

Working with the Ministry of Transport and LTA: cars arrive in coming months, manual driving in 2027, public launch on the Waymo app planned for 2028.

Sources: Waymo, September 17, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Kakao Mobility Open to the public

A safety operator rides along · Book in: Kakao T · Since March 2026

Gangnam autonomous-driving pilot zone, weeknights 22:00 to 05:00

Joined Seoul's late-night Gangnam service on 16 March 2026 with its own driving software; it runs 6 of the 19 cars since August 2026.

Sources: Asia News Network, August 20, 2026; Asia Economy, March 15, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

SWM Open to the public

A safety operator rides along · Book in: Kakao T · Since September 2024

Gangnam autonomous-driving pilot zone (about 20 sq km), weeknights 22:00 to 05:00

Seoul's late-night autonomous taxi, paid since April 2026 (fares from 4,800 won); SWM runs 13 of its 19 cars after an August 2026 expansion.

Sources: Asia News Network, August 20, 2026; The Korea Times, August 19, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Pony.ai Testing

A safety operator rides along

Test runs in the Gangnam pilot zone

Partner FutureLink has tested 10 Kona Electric cars with Pony.ai's kit in Gangnam (about 80,000 km); the pair plan 200 Level 4 robotaxis in Korea by 2028.

Sources: The Korea Times, August 30, 2026; Asia Economy, December 23, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Announced

A safety operator rides along

Manual driving starting late Oct 2026, then specialist testing, with first riders targeted for 2027.

Sources: Waymo, October 20, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

WeRide Announced

A safety operator rides along · Book in: Uber

Greater Madrid region; zones not named

Spain's first national Level 4 passenger permit (September 2026) covers 20 cars with an in-car specialist, run by AVOMO on Uber; launch targeted by the end of 2026.

Sources: Gasgoo, October 22, 2026; WeRide, September 10, 2026; Uber, June 2, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Baidu Apollo Go Testing

A safety operator rides along · Book in: AmiGo app (planned)

About 80 sq km across the cantons of St. Gallen and the two Appenzells

AmiGo is a PostBus and Apollo Go venture; road trials with safety operators began 1 June 2026 under a Swiss Level 4 permit, with a closed user trial first and regular service in 2027.

Sources: The Next Web, June 12, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

WeRide Open to the public

A safety operator rides along · Book in: iamo app · Since September 2026

Furttal valley northwest of the city: nearly 100 stops in Otelfingen, Dänikon, Boppelsen and Hüttikon, daily 13:00 to 17:00

The canton's iamo pilot (with SBB and Swiss Transit Lab) uses three cars with WeRide technology and a safety person in the driver's seat; separately, WeRide and Uber plan an Uber-bookable service in Greater Zurich by the end of 2026.

Sources: IamExpat, September 27, 2026; Kanton Zürich, September 24, 2026; WeRide, June 17, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Baidu Apollo Go Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: AutoGo app · Since January 2026

Yas Island at launch, with Al Reem and Saadiyat islands named as next

Run with K2's AutoGo under one of the emirate's first fully driverless commercial permits (November 2025); Baidu's first public driverless service outside China.

Sources: The National, March 13, 2026; TechNode, January 19, 2026; Gasgoo, November 13, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

WeRide Open to the public

Some rides with no one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Uber, TXAI · Since November 2021

About 70% of the city's core: Yas, Saadiyat, Al Reem, Al Maryah, Khalifa City, Masdar City, Rabdan and the Corniche to Grand Mosque corridor · Airport: Highway routes to and from Zayed International (AUH); kerbside pickup details not published · Uses freeways

Began as the TXAI public trial on Yas Island in 2021, joined Uber in December 2024, and started rides with nobody on board on Yas Island in November 2025; Tawasul runs the Uber fleet.

Sources: WeRide, October 27, 2026; CleanTechnica, February 12, 2026; Gasgoo, November 28, 2025; Gasgoo, July 30, 2025; Gulf News, January 31, 2022. Checked November 8, 2026.

Baidu Apollo Go Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Apollo Go app, Uber · Since March 2026

Jumeirah and Umm Suqeim for Uber rides; the own-app service area is not spelled out

The public could book driverless rides on the Apollo Go app, run with Dubai Taxi Company, from 30 March 2026 (50 cars planned in year one); Uber booking followed by August 2026 and Bolt is promised later. Baidu's CEO dated the fully driverless commercial launch to July 2026.

Sources: The National, August 20, 2026; The Motley Fool via Webull, August 19, 2026; Dubai Media Office, April 2, 2026; Dubai Taxi Company, April 1, 2026; CnEVPost, March 31, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

WeRide Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Uber · Since December 2025

Jumeirah and Umm Suqeim; a driverless trial permit also covers Dubai Silicon Oasis, Nad Al Sheba, Al Hamriya Port and other districts for later expansion

A supervised pilot on Uber began in December 2025 and paid rides with nobody on board started on 31 March 2026; Tawasul manages the fleet.

Sources: WeRide, October 27, 2026; Uber, March 31, 2026; Gulf News, December 11, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Pony.ai Testing

No one in the driver’s seat

Not disclosed

Holds an RTA testing permit since September 2025 and began testing with nobody on board in April 2026, aiming for a paid public service later in 2026.

Sources: CnEVPost, April 20, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Wayve Open to the public

A safety operator rides along · Book in: Uber · Since September 2026

All of Greater London except the airports

UberX, Comfort and Electric riders may be offered a Wayve-driven Ford Mustang Mach-E with a TfL-licensed operator aboard, and can decline; fewer than 20 cars at launch.

Sources: Uber, November 4, 2026; The Star (AFP), September 3, 2026; electrive, September 3, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Baidu Apollo Go Testing

A safety operator rides along · Book in: Freenow by Lyft (planned), Uber (planned)

Testing in the borough of Brent

RT6 cars began supervised road tests on 28 July 2026 with Freenow; public rides are planned for 2027 pending approval.

Sources: TechNode, July 29, 2026; CnEVPost, July 28, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Announced

A safety operator rides along · Book in: Waymo app

Target is driverless rides in 2026 via the Waymo app with Moove running the fleet; cars have driven autonomously with specialists since April 2026.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; Waymo, September 24, 2026; Tech Times, August 27, 2026; Waymo, April 14, 2026; Waymo, October 15, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

May Mobility Open to the public

A safety operator rides along · Book in: Lyft · Since September 2025

Midtown Atlanta at launch

Lyft riders can be matched with May's Toyota Sienna minivans, which carry a safety operator.

Sources: The Charge Port, October 25, 2026; May Mobility, September 16, 2026; TechCrunch (via Yahoo Finance), September 10, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Uber app · Since June 2025

About 65 sq mi at launch, Downtown to Buckhead to Capitol View; Waymo announced a further expansion in May 2026

Uber-only; service was paused May 20-27, 2026 after a car got stuck in flash flooding, and Waymo plans its own app here from January 2028.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; The Next Web, July 25, 2026; Atlanta News First, May 28, 2026; Waymo, May 13, 2026; Uber Newsroom, June 24, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Zoox Testing

Test fleet only; no rider timeline announced.

Sources: The Charge Port, October 25, 2026; TechCrunch, March 24, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Tesla Open to the public

Some rides with no one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Tesla Robotaxi app · Since June 2025

About 272 sq mi covering most of greater Austin, including Pflugerville and Manor (Nov 2026) · Airport: Austin-Bergstrom (AUS) has been in the map since Aug 2025; the app sets the pickup point · Uses freeways

Opened in June 2025 to invited riders with a monitor in the passenger seat; rides with nobody aboard began in Jan 2026 and Cybercabs joined in Sept 2026. Tesla does not say whether any cars still carry a monitor, and trackers disagree.

Sources: Tesla, November 8, 2026; Not a Tesla App, November 5, 2026; Tesla North America Guide (tslna.com), October 14, 2026; Not a Tesla App, August 31, 2026; CNBC, June 23, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Uber app · Since March 2025

37 sq mi at launch (Hyde Park, Downtown, Montopolis), enlarged north and south in July 2025 and again in May 2026 · Uses freeways

Rides only through Uber (UberX, Uber Electric, Comfort, Comfort Electric); Waymo has told Uber it will add its own app here in January 2028 while staying on Uber through at least May 2028.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; CBS Austin, September 23, 2026; The Next Web, July 25, 2026; Electrek, May 13, 2026; Uber Newsroom, March 4, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Zoox Invited riders

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Zoox app · Since March 2026

A small busy ride-hail area south of central Austin

Only Zoox employees (and later their family and friends) ride so far; the public Explorers programme was promised for later in 2026.

Sources: The Charge Port, October 25, 2026; TechCrunch, March 24, 2026; CBS Austin, March 24, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Cruise Ended

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Cruise app · Ran until October 2023

Cruise was charging for driverless rides here when it halted all driverless operations on 26 Oct 2023; GM ended the business in Dec 2024.

Sources: Reuters (via The Star), December 11, 2024; TechCrunch, October 26, 2023. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Testing

A safety operator rides along

Manual driving since Dec 2025 while Waymo seeks a Maryland path to deployment; supervised testing reported in Oct 2026.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; PhillyVoice, October 9, 2026; Waymo, December 3, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Testing

A safety operator rides along

Back for testing with drivers since Feb 2026; Waymo says Massachusetts must legalize driverless cars before it can carry riders.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; PhillyVoice, October 9, 2026; Waymo, February 5, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Testing

A safety operator rides along

Announced Feb 2026; North Carolina law allows driverless cars and stops cities from regulating them.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; WFAE, February 25, 2026; Waymo, February 25, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Testing

A safety operator rides along

Mapping and safety-driver testing since early 2026; Illinois has not legalized driverless commercial vehicles.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; NPR Illinois (Capitol News Illinois), April 7, 2026; Waymo, February 25, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Avride Open to the public

A safety operator rides along · Book in: Uber · Since December 2025

About 31 sq mi of central Dallas (Avride figure, Sept 2026), up from 9 sq mi at launch covering Downtown, Uptown, Turtle Creek and Deep Ellum

Uber riders requesting UberX or Comfort may be matched with an Avride Hyundai Ioniq 5; a safety operator sits behind the wheel, and Uber expects driverless Avride rides in 2027.

Sources: Uber Technologies (investor relations), November 4, 2026; The Charge Port, October 25, 2026; EVWire, June 5, 2026; TechCrunch, December 3, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Tesla Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Tesla Robotaxi app · Since April 2026

Two separate zones: about 81 sq mi in Dallas reaching toward Irving (Aug 2026) and about 143 sq mi centred on downtown Fort Worth (opened 2 Nov 2026)

Dallas opened in April 2026 and Fort Worth on 2 Nov 2026, both with nobody in the front seats; Tesla says Cybercab rides reach Dallas in November 2026.

Sources: Tesla, November 8, 2026; Not a Tesla App, November 2, 2026; The Charge Port, October 25, 2026; Not a Tesla App, August 31, 2026; Not a Tesla App, April 18, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Waymo app · Since February 2026

About 50 sq mi of central Dallas, from Northwest Highway south to Bishop Arts and parts of South Dallas

Avis manages the fleet; open to everyone since Aug 4, 2026, with driverless testing at Love Field terminals and freeway testing as the next steps.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; Dallas Innovates, August 5, 2026; TechCrunch, August 4, 2026; Waymo, August 4, 2026; Waymo, July 28, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Zoox Testing

Zoox began mapping Dallas in early 2026 ahead of testing; no riders.

Sources: The Charge Port, October 25, 2026; TechCrunch, March 24, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

May Mobility Announced

Book in: Uber

Arlington, between Dallas and Fort Worth

Uber service in May's minivans, first promised for end-2025, is now targeted for Q4 2026 or Q1 2027 and will start with safety operators.

Sources: The Charge Port, October 25, 2026; May Mobility, September 16, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Waitlist

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Waymo app · Since September 2026

About 60 sq mi incl. downtown, LoDo, RiNo, Capitol Hill and Cherry Creek

Most cars are the Ojai with the 6th-generation Driver, which adds winter sensor cleaning; riders are let in on a rolling basis.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; Waymo, September 14, 2026; ColoradoBiz, September 1, 2026; Waymo, September 1, 2026; Waymo, September 2, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Invited riders

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Waymo app · Since October 2026

Downtown plus Corktown, Midtown, Hamtramck and Indian Village

Driverless operations began the week of Oct 7, 2026, with rides for Waymo employees only; Waymo will publish a service map before opening to the public.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; GovTech (The Detroit News), October 7, 2026; Waymo, November 3, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

May Mobility Open to the public

A safety operator rides along · Book in: goMARTI app, phone (211) · Since October 2022

About 7.5 sq mi with 97 pickup and drop-off points

Free on-demand rural service (goMARTI) open to the public, with an operator in each vehicle.

Sources: May Mobility, November 8, 2026; May Mobility, September 16, 2026; Northern News Now, October 5, 2022. Checked November 8, 2026.

Tesla Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Tesla Robotaxi app · Since April 2026

About 254 sq mi (Nov 2026), grown from a roughly 12–25 sq mi northwest zone around Jersey Village and Willowbrook

Launched alongside Dallas in April 2026 with unsupervised Model Ys and expanded about tenfold by November 2026.

Sources: Tesla, November 8, 2026; Not a Tesla App, November 5, 2026; The Charge Port, October 25, 2026; Reuters (via Business Recorder), April 19, 2026; Not a Tesla App, April 18, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Waymo app · Since February 2026

Nearly 50 sq mi after a May 2026 expansion, adding EaDo, the Texas Medical Center and NRG Stadium to the central core

Invite-only from February 2026 and open to everyone since Aug 20, 2026.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; Waymo, August 20, 2026; KPRC Click2Houston, May 13, 2026; Waymo, February 24, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Zoox Testing

Mapping and testing with safety drivers in retrofitted SUVs began in Sept 2026; no rider timeline.

Sources: The Charge Port, October 25, 2026; Times of San Diego, September 1, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Nuro, Lucid and Uber Announced

Book in: Uber

Second market for the Uber-only Lucid Gravity robotaxi, targeted for mid-2027; Nuro is already testing there with safety operators.

Sources: Uber Technologies (investor relations), November 4, 2026; Uber Technologies (investor relations), June 17, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Cruise Ended

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Cruise app · Ran until October 2023

Cruise was charging for driverless rides here when it halted all driverless operations on 26 Oct 2023; GM ended the business in Dec 2024.

Sources: Reuters (via The Star), December 11, 2024; TechCrunch, October 26, 2023. Checked November 8, 2026.

Motional Open to the public

A safety operator rides along · Book in: Uber · Since March 2026

Designated pickup spots on Las Vegas Boulevard (Resorts World, Encore, Westgate), curbside downtown, and the Town Square area

Hyundai Ioniq 5 robotaxis joined Uber in March 2026 with an operator behind the wheel, two years after Motional paused its earlier commercial service (run with Lyft); Uber expects them to go fully driverless soon after Zoox joins Uber in November 2026.

Sources: Uber Technologies (investor relations), November 4, 2026; Motional, March 13, 2026; TechCrunch, January 11, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Zoox Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Zoox app · Since September 2025

Fixed pickup and drop-off spots on and around the Strip (Resorts World, AREA15, the Sphere, the convention center and others) plus the airport · Airport: Harry Reid (LAS) curbside at Terminals 1 and 3 since 3 Sept 2026

Free public rides began in Sept 2025 in Zoox's steering-wheel-free vehicle; fares started 10 Aug 2026 under a federal exemption, and Uber says Zoox joins its app in Las Vegas later in November 2026.

Sources: Uber Technologies (investor relations), November 4, 2026; News 3 Las Vegas (KSNV), September 2, 2026; Futurride, August 10, 2026; TechCrunch, March 24, 2026; TechCrunch, September 10, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Waitlist

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Waymo app · Since September 2026

About 24 sq mi: the Strip from Boulder Junction up to Sahara Ave, plus Spring Valley to Winchester · Airport: Harry Reid (LAS): AV zones on Ground Zero Level at Terminals 1 and 3; limited riders

Mostly Ojai fleet; Waymo is the Raiders' and Allegiant Stadium's ride-hail partner with a dedicated stadium pickup zone.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; Waymo, November 8, 2026; Waymo, October 21, 2026; Waymo, September 14, 2026; Waymo, November 3, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Tesla Announced

Book in: Tesla Robotaxi app

Nevada authorised up to 5,000 Tesla robotaxis in Clark County in Aug 2026; Tesla lists Las Vegas as coming soon but had not started rides by early Nov 2026.

Sources: Not a Tesla App, November 2, 2026; TechCrunch, August 20, 2026; Arizona's Family (azfamily.com) / AP, January 29, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Waymo app · Since March 2024

About 210 sq mi of LA County, from Santa Monica and Hollywood to Downtown, now south to Torrance, Manhattan Beach and El Segundo · Uses freeways

Opened to everyone in November 2024; LAX is not on Waymo's airport list.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; Waymo, November 8, 2026; LA Magazine, November 3, 2026; Waymo, October 27, 2026; Waymo, March 13, 2024. Checked November 8, 2026.

MOIA (Volkswagen) Testing

Book in: Uber

Purpose-built ID. Buzz vans began supervised validation testing with Uber in April 2026; rides on Uber are planned for late 2026 with operators aboard at first.

Sources: Automotive World, April 10, 2026; Volkswagen Group, April 8, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Zoox Announced

Book in: Zoox app, Uber

Zoox is testing in Los Angeles and plans to offer rides there on its own app and on Uber by mid-2027.

Sources: TechCrunch, July 30, 2026; TechCrunch, March 24, 2026; Uber Technologies (investor relations), March 11, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Tesla Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Tesla Robotaxi app · Since July 2026

About 31 sq mi (Nov 2026), up from about 20 at launch, bounded roughly by SR 836 and US 41 · Airport: Zone surrounds Miami International (MIA), but terminal pickups were not allowed at launch

Tesla's first market outside Texas and California; anyone with the iOS or Android app could request a ride from launch day.

Sources: Tesla, November 8, 2026; Not a Tesla App, November 5, 2026; The Charge Port, October 25, 2026; The Next Web, August 20, 2026; Not a Tesla App, July 3, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Waymo app · Since January 2026

About 150 sq mi after May 2026, incl. Brickell, Wynwood, Coral Gables, Miami Beach and north to North Miami Beach and Miami Gardens · Uses freeways

Opened to everyone in April 2026, when highway trips began for riders who opted in; those trips paused in May 2026 and were running again by September 2026.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; CBS Austin, September 23, 2026; TechCrunch, May 21, 2026; NBC 6 South Florida, May 13, 2026; Waymo, December 10, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Zoox Invited riders

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Zoox app · Since April 2026

A small waterfront area (reported as Edgewater and Beverly Terrace)

Employees and their family and friends ride first, with the public waitlist to open later.

Sources: The Charge Port, October 25, 2026; Futurride, August 10, 2026; WLRN, March 25, 2026; TechCrunch, March 24, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Testing

A safety operator rides along

Testing with drivers since Nov 2025; a city rule requiring human monitors was vetoed and the override failed on Oct 15, 2026.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; MPR News, October 15, 2026; Waymo, November 20, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Waymo app, Lyft app · Since April 2026

About 80 sq mi after late-Oct 2026: downtown, Midtown, East Nashville and south to Green Hills, the zoo and Oak Hill · Airport: Nashville Intl (BNA): Terminal Garage 2, Level Zero; limited riders

Lyft runs the fleet through Flexdrive and began matching its riders with Waymo cars in central Nashville on Sept 9, 2026.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; FOX 17 Nashville, October 28, 2026; WSMV 4, October 13, 2026; Lyft, September 9, 2026; Waymo, September 17, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Testing

A safety operator rides along

About 12 cars testing in mapped parts of New Orleans and Jefferson Parish

Testing with a driver; the city expects autonomous testing in late 2026 and possibly licensed rides in 2027.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; FOX 8 WVUE, July 9, 2026; Waymo, November 20, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Testing

A safety operator rides along

City and state autonomous-testing permits (8 cars, specialist at the wheel, Manhattan below 112th St and Downtown Brooklyn) lapsed Mar 31, 2026; only manual driving is allowed and state law would need to change for driverless rides.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; NYC Department of Transportation, November 8, 2026; PhillyVoice, October 9, 2026; The City Reporter, April 6, 2026; Waymo, August 22, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Tesla Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Tesla Robotaxi app · Since July 2026

About 26 sq mi (Nov 2026) east and southeast of downtown, including Conway and Lee Vista, ending just north of Orlando International

Opened with Tampa on 21 July 2026 using unsupervised Model Ys booked in the Robotaxi app.

Sources: Tesla, November 8, 2026; Not a Tesla App, November 5, 2026; The Charge Port, October 25, 2026; Not a Tesla App, July 21, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Waymo app · Since February 2026

About 120 sq mi after a late-Oct 2026 expansion (mostly east and downtown); excludes Walt Disney World and Orlando International

Invite-only from February 2026 and open to everyone since Apr 15, 2026.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; Attractions Magazine, October 27, 2026; Waymo, October 27, 2026; Waymo, April 15, 2026; Waymo, February 24, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Testing

A safety operator rides along

Testing with safety drivers since mid-2025; driverless testing needs PennDOT certification and paid rides need Pennsylvania PUC approval.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; PhillyVoice, October 9, 2026; Waymo, December 3, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Waymo app · Since October 2020

About 350 sq mi across Phoenix, Scottsdale, Tempe, Chandler, Mesa and Gilbert after an August 2026 East Valley addition · Airport: Sky Harbor (PHX): curbside at Terminals 3 and 4, plus Sky Train rideshare stations; Mesa Gateway planned · Uses freeways

Waymo's first public market; its small Uber channel here ended in May 2026, and freeway trips came back gradually from late July 2026 after a two-month pause.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; Waymo, November 8, 2026; KJZZ, August 13, 2026; KJZZ, July 30, 2026; Waymo, October 8, 2020. Checked November 8, 2026.

Zoox Testing

Zoox began mapping Phoenix in early 2026 ahead of testing; no riders.

Sources: The Charge Port, October 25, 2026; TechCrunch, March 24, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Tesla Announced

Book in: Tesla Robotaxi app

Tesla holds Arizona testing and ride-hailing permits and staged about 60 Model Ys in Phoenix in April 2026, but had not started rides by early Nov 2026.

Sources: Not a Tesla App, November 2, 2026; Not a Tesla App, April 7, 2026; Arizona's Family (azfamily.com) / AP, January 29, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Cruise Ended

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Cruise app · Ran until October 2023

Cruise was charging for driverless rides here when it halted all driverless operations on 26 Oct 2023; GM ended the business in Dec 2024.

Sources: Reuters (via The Star), December 11, 2024; TechCrunch, October 26, 2023. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Testing

A safety operator rides along

Manual driving began Dec 2025 and supervised testing is under way; state law requires 10 days' notice to the city before driverless operation.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; PhillyVoice, October 9, 2026; Waymo, December 3, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Testing

A safety operator rides along

Manual driving since late April 2026; the city is weighing rules such as fleet caps and 50,000 local miles before paid rides.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; KPTV FOX 12, October 13, 2026; Waymo, April 28, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Testing

A safety operator rides along

Testing with technicians aboard; the CPUC approved driverless ride-hailing here in August 2026, but public rides have not started.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; KALW (with CapRadio), August 17, 2026; Waymo, February 5, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Waymo app · Since February 2026

About 60 sq mi from North Star Mall south to the rodeo grounds, incl. downtown and the River Walk, with limits in flood-prone spots · Airport: San Antonio Intl (SAT): curbside drop-off, pickup at the rideshare zone

Rider service stopped after an April 2026 flood incident and restarted Sept 17, 2026 with flood-zone limits; open to everyone since Oct 14, 2026.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; Waymo, October 14, 2026; News 4 San Antonio (WOAI), September 17, 2026; Texas Public Radio, May 13, 2026; Waymo, February 24, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Waymo app · Since September 2026

About 50 sq mi at launch (Logan Heights to Pacific Beach, Sunset Cliffs to Normal Heights), extended north to La Jolla in late Oct 2026

The CPUC cleared driverless rides here in August 2026; first public riders Sept 1 and open to everyone since Oct 14, 2026.

Sources: Waymo, October 27, 2026; Waymo, October 14, 2026; Waymo, September 1, 2026; 10News San Diego (KGTV), September 1, 2026; Waymo, November 3, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Zoox Testing

Initial test area from Pacific Beach to Point Loma, Uptown, Mission Valley and downtown

Mapping and testing with safety drivers in retrofitted SUVs began in Sept 2026; no rider timeline.

Sources: The Charge Port, October 25, 2026; Times of San Diego, September 1, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Tesla Open to the public

A safety operator rides along · Book in: Tesla Robotaxi app · Since July 2025

About 1,098 sq mi from San Francisco south to San Jose (Nov 2026) · Airport: San Jose (SJC) since Oct 2025; San Francisco (SFO) added July 2026

Runs as an ordinary charter-car service with a human driver using supervised FSD; California regulators say it is not an autonomous service and Tesla holds no driverless permit there.

Sources: Not a Tesla App, November 5, 2026; Not a Tesla App, July 21, 2026; Electrek, March 25, 2026; Not a Tesla App, November 19, 2025; ABC7 News, July 31, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Waymo app · Since August 2023

Roughly 330 sq mi or more, from San Francisco down the Peninsula into San Jose, with more South Bay areas (e.g. Berryessa BART) added in late Oct 2026 · Airport: SFO: Rental Car Center and Grand Hyatt stops via AirTrain (limited riders); SJC: terminal curbside · Uses freeways

Waymo says SF residents were already riding free with no driver from late 2022; paid rides began after the August 2023 CPUC permit and the service opened to everyone in June 2024. Peninsula-to-San Jose coverage and freeway trips arrived in November 2025, paused in May 2026 and were back by September.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; Waymo, November 8, 2026; Waymo, October 27, 2026; CBS Austin, September 23, 2026; Waymo, August 11, 2023. Checked November 8, 2026.

Zoox Waitlist

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Zoox app · Since November 2025

Began in SoMa, the Mission and the Design District; roughly quadrupled in March 2026 across the eastern half of the city

Rides are free through the Zoox Explorers early-rider programme because Zoox lacks the California permits to charge fares.

Sources: The Charge Port, October 25, 2026; TechCrunch, July 30, 2026; TechCrunch, March 24, 2026; The Robot Report, November 18, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Nuro, Lucid and Uber Invited riders

A safety operator rides along · Book in: Uber · Since April 2026

Test rides around San Francisco

Only Uber employees ride the Nuro-equipped Lucid Gravity SUVs, with a safety driver; Uber moved the public launch from late 2026 to Q1 2027 and plans it to be driverless from day one.

Sources: Uber Technologies (investor relations), November 4, 2026; The Charge Port, October 25, 2026; Uber Technologies (investor relations), June 17, 2026; Electrek, April 13, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Cruise Ended

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Cruise app · Ran February 2022 – October 2023

Opened driverless rides to the public in 2022; California suspended Cruise's permits in Oct 2023 after a pedestrian was dragged, and GM shut the robotaxi business in Dec 2024.

Sources: Reuters (via The Star), December 11, 2024; TechCrunch, October 26, 2023; Motor Authority, February 2, 2022. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Testing

A safety operator rides along

Testing in central Seattle neighborhoods plus Bellevue and Kirkland

Human-driven testing since Sept 2025 and Ojai test cars seen in Aug 2026; Washington has no framework yet for driverless commercial service.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; FOX 13 Seattle, August 10, 2026; Cascade PBS, September 3, 2025; Waymo, September 2, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Zoox Testing

Test fleet only; no rider timeline announced.

Sources: TechCrunch, March 24, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Testing

A safety operator rides along

Human-driven mapping and testing since Dec 2025 while Missouri lawmakers weigh AV rules.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; KMOV First Alert 4, February 2, 2026; Waymo, December 3, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Tesla Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Tesla Robotaxi app · Since July 2026

About 24 sq mi (Nov 2026) covering central neighbourhoods north of downtown such as West Tampa, Tampa Heights and Seminole Heights

Opened with Orlando on 21 July 2026; the launch zone was only 4–5 sq mi and has grown since.

Sources: Tesla, November 8, 2026; Not a Tesla App, November 5, 2026; The Charge Port, October 25, 2026; Not a Tesla App, July 21, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Open to the public

No one in the driver’s seat · Book in: Waymo app · Since September 2026

About 50 sq mi from Westshore to East Tampa, incl. Hyde Park, Northwest Park and Temple Crest

Open to everyone since Oct 14, 2026; Waymo is test-driving in Pinellas County but has not announced service there.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; WUSF, October 28, 2026; Waymo, October 14, 2026; Business Observer, September 1, 2026; Waymo, November 20, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Waymo Testing

A safety operator rides along

Waymo targeted 2026, but DC rules do not allow cars without a driver; a pending council bill would cap fleets at 200 and could allow commercial rides by 2028.

Sources: Waymo, November 8, 2026; Fox News, October 10, 2026; WJLA 7News, July 13, 2026; Waymo, March 25, 2025. Checked November 8, 2026.

Zoox Testing

Test fleet only; no rider timeline announced.

Sources: TechCrunch, March 24, 2026. Checked November 8, 2026.